Sharaxaada Alaabta
Dhuumaha birta alxanka leh waa qaybo ka mid ah warshado badan oo kala duwan taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay cimrigooda, caabbinta daxalka, iyo kala duwanaanshahooda.Tuubooyinkan waxaa lagu farsameeyaa habka alxanka, iyaga oo ku biiraya go'yaal bir ah ama xariijimo si ay u sameeyaan tuubooyinka cylindrical.Halkan waxaa ah dulmar guud oo ku saabsan tuubooyinka alxanka ah ee birta ah:
Qalabka iyo Darajooyinka:
304 iyo 316 taxane: Ujeedooyinka guud ee guud ee darajooyinka birta aan lahayn.
310/S iyo 310H: Heerkulka sare ee u adkeysiga birta ah ee foornada iyo codsiyada kulaylka.
321 iyo 321H: Heerarka kulaylka u adkaysta ee ku habboon jawiga heerkulka sare.
● 904L: Daawaha aadka u adkaysta daxalka ee bay'ada gardarrada.
● S31803: Duplex steel steel, oo bixisa iska caabbinta daxalka labadaba.
Habka wax-soo-saarka:
● Alxanka Fusion ee Korontada (EFW): Habkan, tollayn dheer ayaa lagu alxanayaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo tamarta korantada ee alxanka.
● Alxanka Arc Submerged (SAW): Halkan, alxanka waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la dhalaalinayo cidhifyada iyada oo leh fallaadho joogto ah oo qulqulaya qulqulka.
● Soo-celinta Soo noqnoqoshada Sare (HFI) Alxanka: Habkani waxa uu shaqaaleeyaa mawjadaha soo noqnoqda si loo abuuro tolmo alxan oo habsocod joogto ah.
Faa'iidooyinka
● Iska-caabbinta Daxalka: Waxay u adkaysataa warbaahin iyo bay'ado badan oo daxalka leh.
● Xoog: Awoodda farsamada sare waxay hubisaa daacadnimada qaabdhismeedka.
● Kala duwanaansho: Waxaa lagu heli karaa cabbirro kala duwan, darajooyin, iyo dhammayn si ay ugu habboonaadaan codsiyada kala duwan.
● Nadaafadda: Si fiican ugu habboon warshadaha leh shuruudaha nadaafadda adag.
● Cimri dheer: Waxay muujisaa adkeysi gaar ah, taasoo keentay nolol adeeg oo dheerad ah.
Marka la soo koobo, tuubooyinka alxanka ah ee birta ah ayaa ah qaybaha lagama maarmaanka u ah warshadaha oo dhan, iyagoo siinaya adkeysi, caabbinta daxalka, iyo u rogida codsiyada kala duwan.Xulashada saxda ah ee darajada, habka wax soo saarka, iyo u hoggaansanaanta heerarka warshadaha ayaa muhiim u ah hubinta waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan iyo badbaadada nidaamyada tuubooyinka alxanka.
Tilmaamaha
ASTM A312/A312M: 304, 304L, 310/S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H iwm |
EN 10216-5: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 iwm. |
DIN 17456: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 iwm... |
JIS G3459: SUS304TB, SUS304LTB, SUS316TB, SUS316LTB iwm. |
GB/T 14976: 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
Austenitic ahama:TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, 304H, TP304 254, N08367, S30815... Duplex birta aan lahayn:S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Alloy Nickel:N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Isticmaalka:Batroolka, Kiimikada, Gaaska Dabiiciga ah, Awood koronto iyo warshado soo saara qalabka makaanikada. |
DN mm | NB Inji | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
6 | 1/8" | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
10 | 3/8" | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
32 | 1 1/4" | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
40 | 1 1/2" | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
65 | 2 1/2" | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
90 | 3 1/2" | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
700 | 28” | 711.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
750 | 30” | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
800 | 32” | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
850 | 34” | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
900 | 36” | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 | |||||||||
DN 1000mm iyo wixii ka sareeya dhumucda gidaarka tuubada dhexroorka si loo habeeyo |
Heerka & Darajada
Heerka | Heerarka Birta |
ASTM A312/A312M: Tuubbooyinka birta-la'aanta ah ee Austenitic oo si aad ah u qabow | 304, 304L, 310S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H iwm... |
ASTM A269: Tuubooyinka birta aan fiicnayn ee austenitic ee adeega guud | TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321.TP347 iwm. |
ASTM A249: Kuleyliyaha Sare, Kuleyl-Bedeliyaha, iyo Tubooyinka Condenser-ka | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
ASTM A269: Tuubooyinka Dhexroor-yar ee Bir-la'aanta ah ee aan Alxan lahayn | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
ASTM A270: Tuubooyinka fayodhowrka ee birta ah ee aan birta lahayn ee Austenitic iyo Feritic | Austenitic Stainless Steel Fasalada: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Heerarka Birta Aan-la-aanta lahayn: S31803, S32205 |
ASTM A358/A358M: Shuruudaha Dhuumaha Austenitic Steel ee alxanka leh ee Heerkulka Sare, Cadaadiska Sare, iyo Bay'ada wax yeelaysa | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
ASTM A554: Tuubo farsamaysan oo bir ah oo alxanka ah, oo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo codsiyada qaabdhismeedka ama qurxinta | 304, 304L, 316, 316L |
ASTM A789: Tuubbooyinka birta aan birta lahayn ee austenitic-ka aan lahayn iyo alxanka ah ee adeegga guud | S31803 S32205 (Birta aan lahayn Duplex) |
ASTM A790: Dhuumaha birta aan fiicnayn iyo kuwa alxanka leh ee ferritic/austenitic ah ee adeega guud ee daxalka, adeeg heerkul sare ah, iyo tuubooyinka birta aan laba-laaban lahayn. | S31803 S32205 (Birta aan lahayn Duplex) |
TS EN 10217-7 Tuubbooyinka birta ah ee alxanka ah - Shuruudaha wax soo saarka Yurub | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 iwm... |
DIN 17457: Heerka Jarmalka ee loo isticmaalo soo saarista tuubooyinka birta alxanka leh | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 iwm... |
JIS G3468: Halbeegga Warshadaha Jabbaan oo qeexaya shuruudaha wax soo saarka ee tuubooyinka birta aan alxan lahayn. | SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316, SUS316L, SUS329J3L iwm |
GB/T 12771: Heerarka Qaranka Shiinaha ee loo isticmaalo shuruudaha wax soo saarka ee tuubooyinka alxanka ah ee birta ah. | 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni1, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2, 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N |
Austenitic ahama: TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP3047 0432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Duplex steel steel: S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Alloy Nickel: N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Isticmaalka: Batroolka, Kiimikada, Gaaska Dabiiciga ah, Korontada korontada iyo warshadaha soo saarista qalabka makaanikada. |
Xakamaynta tayada
Hubinta Walxaha Ceyriinka ah, Falanqaynta Kiimikada, Tijaabada Makaanikada, Kormeerka Muuqaalka, Hubinta Cabirka, Tijaabada Laacida, Tijaabada Saamaynta, Imtixaanka Daxalka Dhexdhexaadka ah, Imtixaanka Aan Burbursanayn Tijaabada, Tijaabada Cadaadiska, Imtixaanka Mawduuca Ferrite, Tijaabada Saadaasha, Tijaabada Daxalka, Tijaabada Hadda Jirta, Tijaabada Buufiska milixda, Tijaabada Iska caabinta Daxalka, Tijaabada Gariirka, Tijaabada Daxalka, Rinjiyeynta iyo Kormeerka Dahaarka, Dib u eegista Dukumentiyada…..
Isticmaalka & Codsiga
Tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee birta ah ayaa si weyn looga isticmaalo warshadaha kala duwan taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay sifooyinkooda gaarka ah iyo kala duwanaanshahooda.Tuubooyinkan waxaa lagu shaqaaleysiiyay codsiyo kala duwan oo kala duwan, oo ay ku riixayaan cimrigooda, caabbinta daxalka, iyo ku habboonaanta deegaanno kala duwan.Qaar ka mid ah meelaha muhiimka ah ee isticmaalka iyo isticmaalka tuubooyinka birta ah ee alxanka ah waxaa ka mid ah:
● Isticmaalka Warshadaha: Waxa ku badan saliida, gaasta, kiimikaalka batroolka, iyo warshadaha tamarta sababtuna waa iska caabbinta daxalka.
● Dhismaha: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa tuubooyinka, sahayda biyaha, iyo dhismooyinka xooggooda iyo cimrigooda.
● Warshadaha cuntada: Waa mid muhiim u ah gudbinta cuntada iyo cabbitaannada, oo buuxinaya heerarka nadaafadda.
● Gawaarida: Waxaa lagu shaqeeyaa nidaamyada qiiqa iyo qaybaha qaabdhismeedka, oo u adkaysta xaaladaha adag.
● Caafimaadka: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa aaladaha caafimaadka iyo tuubooyinka nadaafadda, iyadoo mudnaanta la siinayo nadaafadda.
Beeraha: Nidaamyada waraabka u adkeysiga daxalka, hubinta qaybinta biyaha hufan.
● Daaweynta Biyaha: Ku habboon gudbinta biyaha la daweeyay iyo kuwa la sasayriyay.
● Badda: U adkaysata daxalka biyaha cusbada, oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo maraakiibta iyo dhismayaasha xeebaha.
● Tamarta: Qaadista dareerayaasha qaybta tamarta, oo ay ku jiraan gaaska dabiiciga ah iyo saliidda.
● Saxarka iyo Warqada: Waa muhiim gudbinta kiimikooyinka iyo dareerayaasha habka wax soo saarka.
Marka la soo koobo, tuubooyinka alxanka ah ee birta ah waxay u adeegaan sida qaybaha muhiimka ah ee warshado iyo codsiyo kala duwan.Iska caabbinta daxalka, xoogga farsamada, iyo awoodda ay ku buuxin karaan shuruudaha adag ayaa ka dhigaya lagama maarmaan kaabayaasha casriga ah, hababka warshadaha, iyo qaybaha kala duwan ee gaarka ah.
Baakaynta & Rarista
Tuubbooyinka birta ah waa la baakadeeyay waxaana lagu raray taxadarka ugu sarreeya si loo hubiyo ilaalintooda inta lagu jiro safarka.Halkan waxaa ah sharaxaadda baakadaha iyo habka rarida:
Baakad
● Dahaarka ilaalinta: Kahor baakadaha, tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan-soo-saarka lahayn waxaa badanaa lagu dahaadhay lakabka saliid ama filim si looga hortago daxalka iyo dhaawaca dusha sare.
● Isku-xidhka: Dhuumaha cabbirka iyo cabbirrada isku midka ah ayaa si taxadar leh la isugu dhejiyaa.Waxa lagu xafidaa xadhkaha, xadhkaha, ama balaastigga si looga hortago dhaqdhaqaaqa xidhmada dhexdeeda.
● Koofiyadaha dhamaadka: balaastigga ama koofiyadaha dhamaadka birta ayaa la dhigayaa labada daraf ee tubooyinka si ay u siiyaan difaac dheeraad ah cidhifyada tuubooyinka iyo dunta.
● Saxiixidda iyo Barkinta: Alaabta suufka sida xumbo, duubka xumbo, ama kartoonada jiingado ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu bixiyo barkin iyo ka hortagga waxyeelada saameynta inta lagu jiro gaadiidka.
• Sanduuqyada alwaaxda ama Kiisaska: Xaaladaha qaarkood, tuubooyinka waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu xidho sanduuqyo alwaax ah ama kiisas si ay uga hortagaan xoogaga dibadda iyo wax ka qabashada.
Rarida:
● Habka Gaadiidka: Tuubooyinka birta ah waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu raraa iyadoo la isticmaalayo habab kala duwan oo gaadiid sida baabuurta xamuulka, maraakiibta, ama xamuulka hawada, iyadoo ku xiran meesha loo socdo iyo degdegga.
● Weelasha: Tuubooyinka waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu shubo weelasha rarida si loo hubiyo badqabka iyo gaadiidka habeysan.Tani waxay sidoo kale kaa ilaalinaysaa xaaladaha cimilada iyo wasakhowga dibadda.
● Calaamadeynta iyo Warqadaha: Xirmado kasta waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay macluumaadka muhiimka ah, oo ay ku jiraan qeexitaannada, tirada, tilmaamaha maaraynta, iyo faahfaahinta meesha loo socdo.Dukumeentiyada rarida waxaa loo diyaariyey kastamka nadiifinta iyo dabagalka.
U Hogaansanaanta Kastamka: Shixnadaha caalamiga ah, dhammaan dukumeentiyada kastamka lagama maarmaanka ah waa la diyaariyey si loo hubiyo in si habsami leh loo nadiifiyo meesha loo socdo.
● Ku xidhid sugan: Baabuurka ama weelka dhexdiisa, tuubooyinka si ammaan ah ayaa loogu xidhay si looga hortago dhaqdhaqaaqa oo loo yareeyo khatarta waxyeellada inta lagu jiro safarka.
● Dabagalka iyo Dabagalka: Nidaamyo dabagal sare leh ayaa laga yaabaa in la isticmaalo si ay ula socdaan goobta iyo xaalada shixnadaha wakhtiga dhabta ah.
● Caymiska: Iyadoo ku xiran qiimaha xamuulka, caymiska rarida ayaa laga yaabaa in la helo si loo daboolo khasaaraha ama khasaaraha iman kara inta lagu jiro safarka.
Isku soo wada duuboo, tuubooyinka birta ah ee aanu soo saarnay waxa lagu xidhi doonaa tallaabooyin ilaalin ah waxaana lagu rari doonaa habab gaadiid oo la isku halayn karo si loo hubiyo in ay ku gaadheen meeshii ay u socdeen iyaga oo ku jira xaalad wanaagsan.Nidaamyada baakadaha iyo rarida saxda ah waxay gacan ka geystaan daacadnimada iyo tayada tubooyinka la keenay.